Robust perennial grass (2 – 3 m) with broad, ribbed leaves (up to 50 mm wide). Dense, spike-like panicles (Sep – Jun).Ecological role: Pioneer species in wetlands; stabilizes riverbanks.
Insects: HostsZophopetes dysmephila(skipper butterfly).Small mammals: Rats consume seeds.Ecosystem Services: Prevents soil erosion; filters water.
Seeds: Dispersed by water, birds.Pollinators: Wind-pollinated.
Seed-eaters: Queleas, bishops.Nesting: Leaves used by weavers.
Collection: Harvest dry panicles.Germination: Sow in mud; 90% success.
Not applicable.
Fodder: Young leaves fed to cattle.Cultural: Thatching material.
